Four weeks later, he was diagnosed with nonhodgkins lymphoma and received rchop rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone treatment resulting in complete remission. Wolbachia pipientis are bacteria that infect a wide range of invertebrate, mainly arthropods and nematodes. This site uses two linked databases powered by the bigsdb genomics platform. Some wolbachia researchers apply the species name w.
Pdf the alphaproteobacterium wolbachia pipientis is a very common cytoplasmic symbiont of insects, crustaceans, mites, and. The recent isolation of wolbachia pipientis in the continuous cell line aa23, established from eggs of a strain of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus, allowed us to perform extensive characterization of the isolate. Wolbachia is a genus of gramnegative bacteria that infects arthropod species, including a high proportion of insects, and also some nematodes. May 06, 2011 wolbachia pipientis and disease control the potential application of the symbiotic bacteria wolbachia pipientis to the control of mosquito. Pdf a way of reproductive manipulation and biology of wolbachia. In doing so, they infect a huge range of arthropod species worldwide. Wolbachia elevates host methyltransferase expression to block. Using two antibiotics, tetracycline and rifampicin, we. To be horizontally transferred between organisms, wolbachia bacteria must pass through and survive an extracellular phase. Sex ratio microorganisms include protozoa that induce malekilling in mosquitos and feminization in amphipods. Wolbachia pipientis is an intracellular symbiont of arthropods well known for the reproductive manipulations induced in the host and, more recently, for the ability of wolbachia to block virus replication in insect vectors.
It has the benefit of being more environmentally benign than insecticide. Wolbachia shown in green in the ovaries of aedes aegypti wolbachia is a. The impact of wolbachia infection on the rate of vertical. It has the benefit of being more environmentally benign than insecticidebased approaches and potentially more. Recently, a statistical analysis estimated the infection frequency of wolbachia among. Wolbachia pipientis is an obligate intracellular bacterium found in a wide range of invertebrate taxa. The sequence definition database contains allele sequence and mlst profile definitions whereas the isolate database contains provenance and epidemiological information. We highlight the added value of these traits for wolbachia based. Jun 17, 2010 wolbachia pipientis are maternally inherited, endosymbiotic bacteria that are widespread among insects. Wolbachia is an extremely widespread bacterial endosymbiont of arthropods and nematodes that causes a variety of reproductive peculiarities. Parthenogenesis is one such peculiarity but it has been hypothesised that this phenomenon may be functionally restricted to organisms that employ haplodiploid sex determination.
Wolbachia is similarly exciting as it, too, is specific, but it works differently. Two stable infections of wolbachia pipientis, w melpop and w mel. The patient was given fluoroquinolones and the fever resolved. A drosophila melanogaster strain of wolbachia pipientis.
A potential candidate for combating and eradicating dengue epidemics in. Pdf survival of wolbachia pipientis in cellfree medium. This depends on their ability to suppress viral transmission, invade host populations, persist without loss of viral suppression and not interfere with other. Wolbachia symbiosis and insect immune response siozios. Dec 01, 2019 wolbachia pipientis wmel, a gramnegative bacterium, is an endosymbiont of drosophila melanogaster. Obligate intracellular bacteria of the genus wolbachia class alphaproteobacteria, order rickettsiales are currently divided into four taxonomic supergroups on the basis of clustering patterns in ftszbased phylogenetic trees werren, zhang, and guo 1995. Assessing the epidemiological effect of wolbachia for dengue. Wolbachia strains are highly variable in their effects on hosts, raising the issue of which attributes should be selected to ensure that the best strains are developed for disease control. Backgroundin an effort to eliminate dengue, a successful technology was developed with the stable introduction of the obligate intracellular bacteria wolbachia pipientis into the mosquito aedes aegypti to reduce its ability to transmit dengue fever due to life shortening and inhibition of viral replication effects. Wolbachia are endosymbionts found in many insects with the potential to suppress vectorborne diseases, particularly through interfering with pathogen transmission. Wolbachia pipientis is an endosymbiotic bacterium estimated to chronically infect between. Wolbachia pipientis wmelpop as the first step in developing a biocontrol strategy for dengue virus transmission.
Diagnostic testing for wolbachia in laboratory colonies and in fieldcaught mosquito populations has typically employed pcr. They are predominantly transmitted vertically from mother to offspring but also occasionally horizontally between species. Antibiotic treatment leads to the elimination of wolbachia. This notice announces epas receipt of an application 88877 eupr from the university of kentucky, department of entomology requesting an experimental use permit eup for the microbial wolbachia pipientis, an intracellular bacterial pesticide of insectsmosquitoes. The awed trial applying wolbachia to eliminate dengue to assess the efficacy of wolbachia infected mosquito deployments to reduce dengue incidence in yogyakarta, indonesia. Wolbachia pipientis, an obligate intracellular bacterium associated with arthropods and filarial worms, is a target for filarial disease treatment and provides a gene drive agent for insect vector. Detection of wolbachia genes in a patient with nonhodgkins. Effect of wolbachia on insecticide susceptibility in lines of aedes aegypti volume 103 issue 3 n. Wolbachia pipientis, which can spread rapidly into uninfected host populations by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility. The bacterium is best known for its ability to manipulate host. Wolbachia bacteria might stop zika and dengue viruses. Schematic depicting the prevalence of zika virus infection in wolbachia uninfected a, wolb and wolbachia. Establishment of a wolbachia superinfection in aedes.
Wolbachia pipientis is an obligate intracellular bacterium found in a wide range of. Oct 31, 2008 wolbachia pipientis bacteria are common endosymbionts of insects that are best known for their ability to increase their prevalence in populations by manipulating host reproductive systems. Wolbachia pipientis is a maternally inherited, intracellular bacterium found in more than 20 % of all insects, as well as numerous other arthropods and filarial nematodes. To screen for wolbachia pipientis symbiont dna in the extracted dna from insects using one of the most widely used biotechnology techniques in biological research, the polymerase chain reaction pcr. Wolbachia are naturally occurring bacteria commonly found in most insect species, but not in the aedes aegypti. The level of 16s rdna and other sequence divergence found between isolates is. Wolbachia pipientis occurs in aedes aegypti populations in new mexico and florida, usa. Survival of wolbachia pipientis in cellfree medium applied.
Wolbachia in filarial nematodes are targets for anti filariasis initiatives. Author summary effective vector control is critically important to reduce the incidence of diseases caused by arthropod transmitted viruses. Taxonomic status of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia. To better understand how bacteria maintain symbiotic associations with animal hosts, we analyzed genomewide gene expression for the endosymbiotic. In arthropods, wolbachia pipientis infections have been described in arachnida, in isopoda and mainly in insecta. Wolbachia infection reduces bloodfeeding success in the. The endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia has a long and intriguing scientific history with the mosquito culex pipiens. However, there are examples of wolbachia that exist in nature that seem to induce no reproductive parasitism trait and yet are able to invade populations. So far, however, wolbachia has never been operationally implemented as a vector control measure. Symbiotic interactions between microbes and their multicellular hosts have manifold biological consequences. Successful establishment of wolbachia in aedes populations to suppress dengue transmission. Wolbachia bacteria cause alterations in host reproductive phenotypes, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, feminization, parthenogenesis, male killing, fitness alterations, and obligate symbiosis 5, 18. A member of one of the most diverse groups of bacteria, called proteobacteria, this parasitic endosymbiont lives inside the reproductive cells of a wide variety of the nearly 1 million species of arthropods, including insects, spiders, and crustaceans. Jul 20, 2015 wolbachia strains are highly variable in their effects on hosts, raising the issue of which attributes should be selected to ensure that the best strains are developed for disease control.
Wolbachia pipientis and disease control the potential application of the symbiotic bacteria wolbachia pipientis to the control of mosquito. The potential application of the symbiotic bacteria wolbachia pipientis to the control of mosquitoborne diseases has emerged as a recent addition to the arsenal of weapons against mosquitoes. Wolbachia bacterium prevents mosquitoes from transmitting. Survival of wolbachia pipientis in cellfree medium applied and. Identification and characterization of a candidate wolbachia. Wolbachia bacterium prevents mosquitoes from transmitting zika and chikungunya entomology today july 1, 2016 1 comment researchers at the university of wisconsinmadison have confirmed that a benign bacterium called wolbachia pipientis can completely block transmission of zika virus in aedes aegypti, the mosquito species responsible for. Wolbachia s migration through the developing oocyte to the posterior pole plasm is coincident with recruitment of factors required for germline formation as well as for anteriorposterior and dorsalventral axis formation. Wolbachia shown in green in the ovaries of aedes aegypti wolbachia is a natural bacterium present in up to 60% of all the different. Pcr amplifies dna millions of times in just a few hours, so that the dna becomes easy to detect and study in any fashion. Most pathogens require a relatively long period of development in their mosquito vector before they can be transmitted to a new human host. The alphaproteobacterium wolbachia pipientis is a very common cytoplasmic symbiont of insects, crustaceans, mites, and filarial nematodes. Wolbachia pipientis is a common endosymbiotic bacterium of arthropods that strongly inhibits dengue virus denv infection and transmission in the primary vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti. Wolbachia is mostly known for reproductive manipulations of its host as a manifestation of its epigenetic effect on the host.
Large, homogeneous or granular cell inclusions with an affinity for neutral red, termed nr bodies, were found in the gonad wall of nearly every specimen of culex pipiens, but were not found in c. It is strictly maternally inherited and has evolved a. A potential candidate for combating and eradicating dengue epidemics in pakistan. Jun 17, 2017 wolbachia pipientis is a common endosymbiotic bacterium of arthropods that strongly inhibits dengue virus denv infection and transmission in the primary vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti. Dynamics of wolbachia pipientis gene expression across the. Effect of wolbachia on insecticide susceptibility in lines. Culture and phenotypic characterization of a wolbachia. Survival of wolbachia pipientis in cellfree medium. Inhibition of zika virus by wolbachia in aedes aegypti. When female insects with wolbachia mate with males without wolbachia, all her offspring will have wolbachia. Wolbachia turn genetic males into functional females able to reproduce and produce offspring despite their genetic sex zz. The world mosquito program uses wolbachia pipientis for the biocontrol of arboviruses transmitted by aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
One proposed strategy involves the use of endosymbiotic bacteria wolbachia pipientis as a novel biocontrol agent to prevent rna virus transmission in mosquitoes. These bacteria were subsequently found to be widely distributed in. Wolbachia pipientis is a vertically transmitted, obligate intracellular symbiont of arthropods. Supergroups a and b are found only in arthropods, whereas c and d are found only in filarial nematodes. Wolbachia and the biological control of mosquitoborne. Jun 07, 2012 wolbachia are intracellular bacteria that manipulate the reproduction of their arthropod hosts in remarkable ways. To date however, wolbachia induced feminization is the most infrequently described of the four main wolbachia induced phenotypes, reported in only three arthropod orders. The type species for the wolbachia genus is wolbachia pipientis. Wolbachia, the mating will be normal and the offspring will all have wolbachia. An expanding bag of tricks to explore for disease control. Wolbachia pipientis an overview sciencedirect topics.
Wolbachia pipientis is an obligate intracellular bacterium found in a wide range of invertebrate hosts, including arthropods and filarial nematodes. The successful transfer of a lifeshortening strain of the inherited bacterial symbiont, wolbachia, into the major mosquito vector of dengue, aedes aegypti, halved adult life span under. Multilocus sequence typing system for the endosymbiont. Frontiers risk associated with the release of wolbachia. The w mel strain of wolbachia reduces transmission of zika. Oct 28, 2014 wolbachia 16s rrna and fbpa genes were twice detected over 5 days in the blood of a patient with high fever. Evidence for metabolic provisioning by a common invertebrate. However, there is evidence that denv can be transmitted. Bacterial growth could be obtained in c636, another a. The obligate intracellular wolbachia pipientis is a ubiquitous alphaproteobacterial symbiont of arthropods and nematodes and is related to the rickettsial pathogens ehrlichia spp. Detecting w mel wolbachia in fieldcollected aedes aegypti. New, simpler methods to diagnose wolbachia infection in mosquitoes are required for largescale operational use. The wmel strain of wolbachia reduces transmission of zika virus by aedes aegypti.
Epa has approved and expanded an existing experimental use permit eup for wolbachia pipientis infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Wolbachia pipientis bacteria are common endosymbionts of insects that are best known for their ability to increase their prevalence in populations by manipulating host reproductive systems. Wolbachia trial shows promise for modified mosquitoes cidrap. Wolbachia pipientis hertig 1936 wolbachia is a genus of gramnegative bacteria that infects arthropod species, including a high proportion of insects, and also some nematodes.
It includes an interactive media panel with images, videos and distribution maps, as well as a navigable classification structure. Previous work in the field suggests that the presence of this bacterium induces virus. Genome sequence of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia. Epa grants extension of experimental use permit for. May be used for other pesticidal purposes if the requirements of 205. Wolbachia is one of the most common natural pathogens on earth that alter the reproductive system of insects. It is one of the most common parasitic microbes and is possibly the most common reproductive parasite in the biosphere. Wolbachia pipientis encyclopedia of life this encyclopedia of life species page offers a comprehensive summary of the biology, ecology, evolution and relevance of wolbachia pipientis. While over ecological timescales wolbachia infections are maintained by strict maternal inheritance, horizontal transfer events are common over evolutionary time. The mosquitoborne viral disease dengue fever is an increasing problem in tropical and subtropical regions. Two recent studies have demonstrated that wolbachia inhibits the ability of medically significant pathogens, including filarial nematodes, dengue virus and plasmodium to form infections in the mosquito vector, aedes aegypti. Pdf the endosymbiotic relationship between microorganism and. Applying wolbachia to eliminate dengue full text view. Wolbachia pipientis wmel, a gramnegative bacterium, is an endosymbiont of drosophila melanogaster.
Studies of wolbachia cell biology suggest that this bacterium relies on host actin for efficient proliferation and transmission between generations. It includes an interactive media panel with images, videos and distribution maps, as. Wolbachia pipientis are maternally inherited, endosymbiotic bacteria that are widespread among insects. The eup was issued to the university of kentuckys department of entomology ukde in october 2015 for limited testing. Molecular differentiation of wolbachia strains is routinely performed with a set of five multilocus sequence typing mlst markers. Wolbachia endosymbionts and human disease control sciencedirect. Ancient horizontal gene transfer between mosquito and the. An analysis of risk was required before considering release of the modified. Pronunciation of wolbachia with 3 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning, 4 translations and more for wolbachia. Wolbachia alphaproteobacteria, rickettsiales is the most common, and arguably one of the most important inherited symbionts. Wolbachia inhibits the production of androgen hormones that are responsible for the development of males sexual characters, making the gonads develop female characters instead. For use as a pest lure, repellent, or as part of a trap, or as a disease control. Detection of wolbachia in fieldcollected aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
The study shows large releases are most effective in establishing and expanding mosquito populations. Since wolbachia cannot yet be genetically manipulated, and due to the constraints imposed when working with an intracellular symbiont, little is known about. Successful establishment of wolbachia in aedes populations. Wolbachia pipientis is arguably the most abundant endosymbiont in the insect world 14. Several major vectors of human pathogens are not naturally infected by wolbachia, including the main dengue virus vector a aegypti, and this was a substantial hurdle in using wolbachia to control vector populations. Wolbachia pipientis is the sole member of the genus, which is included in the family. Wolbachia induced feminization has been documented most commonly in several species of terrestrial isopod within the order oniscidae. Wolbachia pipientis are maternally inherited gram negative. Jul 01, 2016 wolbachia bacterium prevents mosquitoes from transmitting zika and chikungunya entomology today july 1, 2016 1 comment researchers at the university of wisconsinmadison have confirmed that a benign bacterium called wolbachia pipientis can completely block transmission of zika virus in aedes aegypti, the mosquito species responsible for.
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